Diversity of Fish Genetic Resources below the Species Level, Characterization and Applications in Resource Management

Abstract

Intraspecifi c variation includes the genetic and phenotypic diversity found within and among populations that
are often threatened by a reduction in population, local extinctions, climate change, and anthropogenic activities.
Documentation of these below-species level variations constitutes the primary step towards conservation. Highresolution
genetic markers can potentially be deployed to understand the pattern of genetic diversity at intra
and inter-specifi c levels. The inferences drawn from genetic diversity analysis holds many applications, mainly
taxonomy/systematics of species, understanding their genetic connectivity, identifying the breeding populations/
parentage assignment, fi sheries management, and conservation measures including ranching programs for the
purpose of genetic rescue and stock enhancement of wild relatives. These variations form strong foundation for
creating base populations in a selective breeding program.