Microsatellite Markers Reveal the Genetic Integrity of Stored Accessions of Cotton (Gossypium arboreum L.) in the Indian National Genebank

Abstract

The regeneration of germplasm from gene banks is a critical step in conserving plant genetic resources. However, it might introduce changes in allele frequencies that can impact genetic diversity. Microsatellite markers have emerged as essential tools for tracking these changes, allowing genebank managers to make informed decisions about their conservation strategies. By using microsatellite markers, genebank managers can ensure the long-term availability and viability of plant genetic resources, contributing to the sustainability of agriculture and biodiversity conservation. The genetic integrity of six cotton accessions (Gossypium arboreum L.) conserved in the Indian National Genebank was investigated using microsatellite markers. These accessions were initially conserved in the genebank and subsequently regenerated during the years 2000, 2007 and 2015. The selected five microsatellite marker loci revealed the genetic integrity of these accessions with minor genetic changes at rare alleles. In three accessions, new bands at very low frequencies were observed after regeneration, whereas in two, few bands were lost after regeneration. No significant changes were observed after the regeneration of cotton accessions with respect to Nei’s expected heterozygosity and Shannon’s Information Index. There were no significant changes in genetic integrity and structure, indicating that the protocol being followed for regeneration was quite efficient and effective.