Multivariate Analysis of Fodder Maize (Zea mays L.) Germplasm Lines under Temperate Niches

Abstract

An experiment was conducted following Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications to assess the genetic variability among germplasm lines of fodder maize. A total of 16 traits were taken including yield and quality attributes. The statistical analysis of the data demonstrated existence of significant genetic variation among all the evaluated maize germplasm lines for each trait under study. The phenotypic coefficients of variation (PCV) estimates were invariably higher than their corresponding genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) values thereby suggesting the environmental influence. Fresh leaf weight per plant exhibited high genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation. Selection of superior fodder maize germplasm lines based on their performance for green fodder yield per plant, grain yield per plant, fresh stem weight per plant and stem girth will be effective as these traits showed high heritability coupled with high genetic advance. Plant height, fresh leaf weight per plant and stem girth exhibited considerable direct effects, coupled with highly significant and positive correlation with green fodder yield per plant indicating true correlation between them, therefore, selecting these traits would greatly enhance green fodder yield per plant. Principal component analysis revealed that five out of 16 principal components recorded Eigen values greater than one and could explain 88.33% of the total variability. Based on PC1 scores, the germplasm lines KDFM-86, KDFM-79, KDFM-76 and KDFM-55 were identified as potential contributors of variability, which can be used in crossing programs to transfer key traits related to yield.